Following a Celtic (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (9 BC - c. 4th century) period, the foundation of Gusztavia was laid in the late Ninth Century by the Magyar-Gusztav chieftain Árpádial, whose great grandson Istvánia ascended to the throne with a crown sent from Roma in 1000. The Kingdom of Gusztavia existed with minor interruptions for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centers of the Western world. It was succeeded by the current communist regime.