The Dominion of Newfoundland is a small constitutional monarchy in North America, comprising of the former Canadian provinces of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Established by Joseph Smallwood after an American amphibious assault to destroy the Canadian and British base in Newfoundland in 1943, Newfoundland proclaimed its following of King George VI and the Commonwealth of Nations. Newfoundland, despite its ties with the Commonwealth, is also a member of the Juneau Pact, and Newfoundland profits from the establishment of military bases in its territory, namely the Naval Base of Halifax and the Air Base at Gander. Other major economic activities include fishing, tourism and the service industry.