The Holy Orthodox Church in North America (HOCNA) is an Old Calendarist jurisdiction initially formed by former members of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America who joined the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in the 1960's in protest of the excessive ecumenical activities of Patriarch Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople and Archbishop Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America. In 1987-1988, these communities left the ROCOR and following a brief period under two independent Old Calendarist bishops in Greece, were received by the Old Calendarist Synod of Archbishop Auxentios of Athens. HOCNA is not in communion with any mainstream Orthodox church.