Imperial Constitutionalism is an ideology developed by Zaifeng prior to and uring the Chinese Civil War. The philosophy combined traditional Chinese schools of thought with the basic tenets of Western-style constitutional limits on the power of government, including a ceremonial head of state and a dedicated Parliament. It also established a more linear and clear line of succession based on familial relations as opposed to the Emperor or a Dowager/regent selecting an heir from the next generation, and retroactively required all Emperors to be at least sixteen years of age before being eligible for coronation.