James B. Burkholder (22 October 1918 – 9 May 2006) was a former United States Army officer who, after retiring, became involved in peace and social justice issues. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, he attended the University of Pennsylvania. After receiving a degree in accounting from the Wharton School there, he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve. He went on active duty before the United States entered World War II. Following WWII, he became a career officer and received a Regular Army commission. He retired from the Army in 1973 with the rank of Colonel. Following his retirement he lived in Tucson, Arizona.