In 1303, the Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus hired 6,500 Catalan mercenaries under Roger de Flor to campaign against the Turks in the spring and summer of the same year. Their costly service came with success, driving back the Turks in parts of Asia Minor. At Philadelphia, 20,000 Turkish soldiers (possibly those of Aydinids) were left dead, the work of the Catalans.[citation needed] The campaign was Byzantium's few decisive victories in a poorly-managed war. Thus, the Catalans' campaign was a short-term Byzantine victory, but benefited the Turks in the long term.