In Europa Universalis II, city upgrades are improvements that may be built in cities. All city upgrades take time to build, which varies with the upgrade. Upon completion of the project, the city will be improved in various ways. There are a number of different upgrades: * Officials: Tax collectors, Chief judges, and Governors * Shipyards * Manufactories * Conscription centers * Fortifications Each upgrade to a city other than fortresses is either present, or absent. Fortresses have degrees: a city can have none, or a fortress with a "level" of 1 through 6.