Labidiosuchus is known only from the holotype specimen DGM 1480-R, an incomplete lower jaw with the anterior part of the dentary complete, lacking most of the right mandibular ramus and the end of the left mandibular ramus. It is housed at the Earth Science Museum of the Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral. A cast is housed at the Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. It was found in Serra do Veadinho site, Municipality of Peirópolis of Minas Gerais State, from a site in which Itasuchus, yet another enigmatic mesoeucrocodylian, was found. It was collected from the Serra da Galga Member of the Marília Formation (Bauru Group) in the Bauru Basin, which dates to the late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous.