Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 - 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian. Hillgruber was influential as a military and diplomatic historian. At his death in 1989, the American historian Francis L. Loewenheim said: "Andreas Hillgruber was probably the leading West German historian of his generation - a scholar of indefatigable energy and fierce independence, a scholar of weighty judgment even if one did not always agree with him". Other historians were more hostile, with the British historian Richard J. Evans taking the view that Hillgruber was a great historian whose once-sterling reputation was in ruins.