The 1814 Treaty of Paris, signed on May 30, 1814, ended the war between France and the Sixth Coalition of the United Kingdom, Russia, Austria, Sweden and Prussia. It also enforced the abdication of Napoleon I, and also restored the Bourbon Monarchy in the form of Louis XVIII. Elsewhere, it was agreed that the German vacuum left by the collapse and defeat of the Holy Roman Empire would be replaced by a federation of independent states; likewise, Italy was to be divided into various independent states. Furthermore, Switzerland was to be granted independence.