In zoological nomenclature, a paratype is officially defined as "Each specimen of a type series other than the holotype." In turn, this does depend on the definition of "type series." A type series is the material that was cited in the original publication of the new species or subspecies, and was not excluded from being type material by the author (the exclusion can be implicit, e.g., if an author mentions "paratypes" and then subsequently mentions "other material examined," the latter are not included in the type series), nor referred to as a variant, or only dubiously included in the taxon (e.g., a statement such as "I have before me a specimen which agrees in most respects with the remainder of the type series, though it may yet prove to be distinct" would exclude this specimen from th