The Romans had a great affiliation with the building materiel of cement, as can be seen in their construction throughout the city of Rome. Just at the start of the Millennium a new element was emerging in the Norther Provinces. Iron ore was used mostly by the military but a few modifications to it would allow it to be used by the whole of the nation. Among these innovations was steel through the incorporation of carbon and magnesium as alloys in the ore. The Germanic Provinces, prized for their rich reserves of Iron and extensive forests for making charcoal to melt the ore, produced this but were at first not recognized as much more than some chemical tinkering, nothing special. The Great Wall of Germania was built in less than five years between the Rivers Albis and Odris (Oder). This was