The 38th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. It was raised in 1916 as part of the First Australian Imperial Force for service during World War I and formed part of the 10th Brigade, attached to the 3rd Division. It fought during the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919. The 38th Battalion was reraised in 1921 as the 38th Battalion (The Bendigo Regiment), the battalion was disbanded during World War II to provide men for other militia battalions. Reraised in 1948 as the 38th Battalion (Northern Victoria Regiment). The battalion was split in 1952 to help form the 59th Battalion. The battalion together with the 59th Battalion (The Hume Regiment) and the 8th/7th Battalion (The North Western Victorian Regiment) to form the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Victoria Regime