Actually, Jushiro was never stated to have TB. The TB thing is half-fanon. As far as I know, Kubo has never specified if Ukitake has TB. Only that he has suffered from an unspecified lung condition since birth. Given his symptoms, people just assumed it was TB. Assuming it is TB, we can also assume that Ukitake isn't spreading TB among the Gotei 13 due to the medication he is on.