Sancho Manoel de Vilhena, 1st Count of Vila Flor (1610–1677), was a remarkable Portuguese aristocrat and military leader, of royal background. He participated in several battles in Central Europe and fought the Dutch in Brazil between 1638 and 1640. During the Portuguese Restoration War, he was appointed general, and participated in the defence of Beira. His greatest victories were the Battle of the Lines of Elvas in 1659 and the Battle of Ameixial in 1663. António Manoel de Vilhena, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John and ruler of Malta, was his fifth son.