Israel Friedlander (or Friedlaender), (6 September, 1876-5 July, 1920) was a rabbi, educator and biblical scholar. He was born in Kovel, then in the Russian Empire, now Ukraine. He attended Berlin University and the University of Strasbourg where in 1901 he received his PhD. He received ordination at the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary in Berlin. A translator and Arabist, he was Professor of Biblical Literature at the Jewish Theological Seminary teaching Bible, Philosophy and History.