In 1202 the Fourth Crusades begins, in an attempt to retake the Holy land of Jerusalem which was conquered by the Muslim Byzantine Empire during the Third Crusade. The main combatants were mainly French, Holy Roman, and Italian kingdoms but some support was sent from other kingdoms like England. In April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Christian (Eastern Orthodox) city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. This is seen as one of the final acts in the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church. The crusaders established the Latin Empire (1204–1261) and other "Latin" states in the Byzantine lands they conquered. As a result of the Great Schism Europe was left divided between the Eastern Greek Orthodox church, and t