Attack modes are the different types of attacks that can be performed with a weapon. For example, a 10mm SMG can shoot in single shot, aimed shot, or burst shot. Different attacks do different damage and/or have different ranges (a spear normally has a 2 range, but when set to throw, it has 15 range). Attack mode also allows the PC to access targeted shots with applicable weapons, this is where the V.A.T.S. menu will be displayed.