The leader of the Second Revolt was Shim'on (Simon) Bar Koseba, who was known as 'Bar Kochba', meaning 'Son of the Star', in reference to the Messianic expectations of the Jews found in the Tanakh: "There shall step forth a star (kochab) out of Jacob" (Numbers 24:17). Large quantities of coins were issued in silver and copper with rebellious inscriptions, all being overstruck over foreign (mostly Roman) coins, when a file was used to remove the designs of the original coins, such as the portrait of the Roman Emperor. The undercoin can clearly be seen on some of the silver coins because they were not filed down as not to lose the value of the silver, on the bronze coins it is very difficult to see the underlying coin because they were filed down prior to the over-striking. In rare instances