The following is a list of philosophers whose work the scientific community considers to be of lasting influence in the history of philosophy and was created with the intention of inviting response and debate among philosophers, scientists, readers and writers everywhere. 1. * Hilary Putnam (born July 31, 1926, American) 2. * Jürgen Habermas (born June 18, 1929, German) 2004 Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy 3. * John Searle (born July 31, 1932, American)