The Oxford Saïd Business School in Oxford, UK, in conjunction with the University of Oviedo in Oviedo, Spain, and Cisco Systems, Inc., created the Broadband Quality Score (BQS) in September 2008 to highlight each representative nation’s ability to benefit from next-generation Web applications and services. According to the study, to establish broadband leadership, countries must focus on broadband availability, penetration, and quality.