The World War II Soviet submarine L-3 belonged to the L-class or Leninets class of minelayer submarines. It had been named Bolshevik and later Frunzenets, before it was decided that submarines should stop having names and carry numbers instead. Under Captain of the 3rd Rank Vladimir Konovalov, L-3 was one of the most successful Soviet submarines of World War II. On 16 April 1945, it sank the German refugee transport "Goya", an event that (if calculated by loss of life) is deemed to be one of the worst marine disaster ever, when 6,000 to 7,000 people died in the icy waters of the Baltic Sea.