Allied war crimes include both alleged and legally proven violations of the laws of war by the Allies during World War II against civilian populations or military personnel of the Axis Powers. At the end of World War II, many trials of Axis war criminals took place, most famously the Nuremberg Trials and Tokyo Trials. However, in Europe, these tribunals were set up under the authority of the London Charter, which only considered allegations of war crimes committed by persons who acted in the interests of the European Axis countries.