The Spanish protectorate in Morocco ( Himayat Isbaniya fi Al-Maghrib; ) arose as a result of the Agadir crisis and was established on the basis of the Treaty of Fez in March 1912 (in which Sultan Abdelhafid allowed Germany to cede protection of Morocco to France and Spain) which defined it (Art.I Par.3) as a Spanish sphere of influence in the French Protectorate of Morocco. It was formally defined as a Spanish Protectorate nine months later as a result of a subsequent Treaty between France and Spain regarding Morocco signed in Madrid 27 November 1912. It ended in 1956, when both France and Spain recognized Moroccan independence.