The National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel (NNAP) was created by the U.S. Congress in the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003, signed by President Bush on December 3, 2003. The Act required the President to establish or designate a NNAP to review the Federal nanotechnology research and development program. On July 23, 2004, President Bush formally designated the PCAST to act as the NNAP.