Pre-Columbian Islamic-Americas contact theories are theories which argue that medieval Muslim explorers, from Al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia, comprising modern Portugal and Spain), the Maghreb (Northwest Africa), China, or West Africa, may have reached the Americas, and possibly made contact with the indigenous peoples of the Americas, at some point before Christopher Columbus' first voyage to the Americas in 1492. Proponents of these theories cite as evidence reports of expeditions and voyages conducted by navigators and adventurers who they argue reached the Americas, some time between the late 9th century and the 15th century.