Ko Dang is the pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Sik who dedicated his life to the independence movement and education of his people. The 39 movements signify his times of imprisonment and his birthplace on the 39th parallel. Note: Ko Dang is one of the original 24 patterns introduced to ITF taekwondo by Choi Hong Hi, but was replaced by an entirely different pattern Juche due to the political nature of the Ko Dang's meaning. Recently Ko Dang has replaced Juche in many taekwondo organisations as the rightful pattern to be performed at 2nd Dan. However, learning both the patterns Ko Dang and Juche and their meanings is advisable.