Faraday's law of induction describes a basic law of electromagnetism, which is involved in the working of transformers, inductors, and many forms of electrical generators. The law states: The induced electromotive force or EMF in any closed circuit is equal to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831, and, independently and at the same time, by Joseph Henry. The above law is sometimes also stated as - The EMF generated is proportional to the rate at which flux is linked. . where