Wright, a native of LaGrange, Georgia, received his bachelor's degree from Clark Atlanta University in 1911 before getting his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1915. His efforts related to Civil Rights began in college when he missed three weeks of school to join picket lines protesting The Birth of a Nation. He went on to graduate fourth in his class and was a Captain in the Army Medical Corps in France in World War I. During the war he introduced intradermal vaccination for smallpox, was gassed and won the Purple Heart. On returning to the United States he moved to New York, and in 1919 he became the first African American on the surgical staff of Harlem Hospital. In 1934 he became a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He worked there for thirty years, started the Ha