The castle, built on a hill called Rothenberg or Rodenberg, to the north of another castle, the Château du Falkenstein, dates back to the 9th century. Around 912, the Bishop of Strasbourg, Otbert, pursued by rebellious subjects, took refuge at Rathburg which is perhaps Rothenburg, and was assassinated there shortly after. The castle was certainly built by the Duke of Lorraine in the 13th century, and is constructed of dressed sandstone. At the end of the 13th century, it passed to the Counts de Deux-Ponts-Bitche. In the 14th century, Rothenburg partly belonged to Count Walram de Deux-Ponts-Bitche who gave it as a fiefdom in 1353 to Gerhard Harnasch de Weikirchen. In 1369, Rothenburg was taken and destroyed by the Strasbourgeois.