Transtheistic is a term coined by philosopher Paul Tillich or Indologist Heinrich Zimmer, referring to a system of thought or religious philosophy which transcends theism, and is thus neither theistic nor atheistic. The term has more recently also been applied to Buddhism, Advaita Vedanta and the Bhakti movement.. Paul Tillich uses transtheistic in The Courage to Be (1952), as an aspect of Stoicism. Tillich stated that Stoicism and Neo-Stoicism Martin Buber cricitized Tillich's "transtheistic position" as a reduction of God to the impersonal "necessary being" of Thomas Aquinas.