In Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (1966), the character Mycroft Holmes is a self-aware computer system entrusted with running the life-support systems, communications, payroll and many other things, in a penal colony underground in the Moon or "Luna". Mycroft eventually sides with characters inciting a revolution to free Luna, and is instrumental in their victory against the Lunar Authority on Earth. The name "Mycroft Holmes" is given to the computer by one of the characters, from the HOLMES acronym of his official name High-Optional, Logical, Multi-Evaluating Supervisor, Mark IV, Mod. L. In the story, the character becomes aware of the reference by reading the Sherlock Holmes stories.