What is today Oklahoma has been inhabited for centuries by various Native American tribes, and was part of territory belonging variously to Spain, France, Mexico, and the independent Republic of Texas until 1845, when Texas was annexed by the United States. A majority of modern-day Oklahoma was also part of the US' Arkansaw/Arkansas Territory until 1828, when the border between Arkansas and the future Indian Territory was fixed. During the Civil War, the entirety of the territory was claimed, but never effectively controlled, by the Confederacy (though the Five Civilized Tribes, the Cherokee, Choctaw, Muscogee/Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole, supported and had signed treaties of friendship with the CSA). Following a series of 'land rushes' in the late 1880s that greatly increased the number