Exercise Pitch Black is a biennial warfare exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force. The exercise is normally held in Northern Australia, primarily at RAAF Bases Darwin and Tindal. International Air Forces with defence ties to Australia are invited, which normally consist of France, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, New Zealand, USA and the UK. Countries unable to participate are able to send observers. The aim of the exercise is to practice Offensive Counter Air and Defensive Counter Air combat, in a simulated war environment. It traditionally consists of a 'red team' and a 'blue team' based at separate locations, with one attacking the other.