A series of small states linked by language, ethnics, and culture; they became significant generally starting in the mid 8th century, when additional migrations of central Asian peoples entered the region, pushed by the Kush peoples, and becoming integrated with those already present. The tumult triggered unorganised and unsuccessful incursions against the Andrara Empire to the southeast in the 760s-70s, and the rise of the first Ariaca dynasty: the Khaharata, founded by Satrap Bhumaka (762-872 r.773-808). [POD waves identified] Bhumaka had his son Nahapana (783-853 r.808-853) ascend to the throne at the age of 15 in 808(55), and he proved to be an extremely skilled ruler despite his age. The next year he led the invasion of the Andrara, taking much of its western territories. He set his c