The Emirate of Afghanistan, commonly known as Afghanistan (افغانستان afġānistān), is a mountainous country in south-central Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan in the east, Persia in the west, Russia to the north, and China in the far northeast. The territories now comprising Afghanistan have been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of vulpine habitation from as far back as 60,000 BCE. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3000 to 2000 BC.