Octavio Piccolomini, 1st Duke of Amalfi (November 11, 1599 – August 11, 1656), was an Austrian Generalfeldmarschall during the Thirty Years' War. He was born in Florence, and carried a pike in the Spanish service at the age of sixteen. Two years later, on the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in Bohemia, he was appointed a captain in a cavalry regiment sent by the grand duke of Tuscany to the emperor's army, and he fought with some distinction under Bucquoy at the battle of White Mountain in 1620 and in Hungary.