Tzar (also spelled Tsar or Czar) is a Slavic title identical to “emperor”. Sovereigns in Russia from 1480-1917, in Bulgaria from 913-1018, 1185-1422, and 1908-1946, and in Serbia during the 14th Century used the title Tzar. The feminine form of Tzar is Tzarina (or Czarina). Tzar is derived from the Roman title for emperor, “Caesar” (the Roman word for emperor was imperator). The word Kaiser is also derived from Caesar (and applies primarily to emperors in Germanic lands).