This type of transmission was invented by Frenchman Adolphe Kégresse just prior to World War II, but he never developed a working model. The first actual DCTs arrived from Porsche in-house development, for Audi and Porsche racing cars in the 1980s, when computers to control the transmission became compact enough: the Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (English: dual clutch gearbox) (PDK) used in the Porsche 956 and 962 Le Mans race cars from 1983, and the Audi Sport Quattro S1 rally car. The first series production road car to be fitted with a DCT was the 2003 Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32.