Joseph Franklin Rutherford (8 November 1869—8 January 1942), often referred to as "Judge" Rutherford, was the second president of the legal corporation Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, the primary corporate body of the Bible Students, and subsequently by Jehovah's Witnesses. He and six other Watch Tower executives were jailed in 1918 after charges were laid over the publication of The Finished Mystery, a book deemed "seditious" for its anti-war comments.