Ernst Stavro Blofeld is the fictional founder and head of the criminal organisation SPECTRE and the archenemy of the British Secret Service agent James Bond. The character was created by writers Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory and first appeared in the 1961-64 James Bond novels Thunderball, On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and You Only Live Twice. The character was subsequently adapted for the EON Productions James Bond film series, beginning in 1963 with From Russia with Love, as well as several other portrayals.