V = vowels; C = consonants (not [j] and [w]); P = plosives; F = fricative; G = glide ([j], [w]); O = open syllable; Ɵ = closed syllable; U = vowels and liquids; L = liquid ([j], [w], [r], [l]); Lˢ = liquid ([r], [l]); S = plosives and fricatives; N = nasal acutes = stressed; graves = unstressed Geminates are written twice. All changes affect nasal vowels too unless otherwise stated. Classic Latin > Vulgar Latin Here, the language was still very close to Classic Latin. These sound changes occured from the ≈2nd-4th centuries Vulgar Latin > Maghrebi Romance Semitic Romance > Shax