Turkey, commonly known as the "Ottoman Empire" was a major Islamic power in throughout Europe for thousands of years and continued to be so in World War 1 and World War 2. The Ottoman Empire lost land gradually to its European enemies, and thus in World War 1 attempted to regain some. However, it led to its almost complete destruction with its remaining lands in the Arabian Peninsula being confiscated, and being reduced only to Anatolia, and Constantinople. It was even unable to retain its name simply being called by Europe as "Turkey". In 1923 nationalists under World War 1 veteran "Mustafa Kemal" led an an unsuccessful revolution against the Ottoman Caliphate and was hanged publicly and his supporters brutally executed. Sultan "Abdul Majid" took on the throne in 1935 and immediately bega