Pope Lucius III (ca.1100 – November 25, 1185), born Ubaldo, was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death. A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 (1097?) as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven. He had close ties to the Cistercians, but it seems that he never joined this order. He was named cardinal by Pope Innocent II in December 1138, initially as cardinal-deacon of San Adriano, then (May 1141) as cardinal-priest of Santa Prassede. Pope Adrian IV (1154–1159) promoted him to the rank of Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Velletri in December 1158. He was dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and one of the most influential cardinals under Pope Alexander III (1159–1181).