Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин; 19 November 1875 – June 3, 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych" or "Papa Kalinin", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and the nominal head of state of Russia and later of the Soviet Union, from 1919 to 1946. From 1926 he was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, where he was one of the inner circle of party leaders around Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, of whom he was an ally during the inter-party power struggle following Lenin's death in 1924.