Germany was wracked by communist revolts in 1919 (but because they weren't Russian backed, they failed miserably) - which ended with Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht being shot in a Freikorps prison. In 1924, the NSDAP under Adolf Hitler rose to power after a brief civil war. He then began forging alliances with Italy and Japan. His skillful diplomacy with Spain helped end military and economic restrictions after WW1.