The idea of using how many shits one "gives" to measure how much that person cares originated with Sir Isaac Newton. He first put forth the idea in his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687. In it, Newton suggests that "hee that doth give a shite, knight'd shall hee be." Ivory's Constant was finally discovered by American scientist Robert Oppenheimer before he began work on the Manhattan Project. It was heralded by President Franklin Roosevelt as "a shining light for mankind," who held that "the fifth freedom is the right to not give two shits."