The Seljuq Empire was carved out by Tughril of the Kara-Khanid Khanate and a largely disintegrated Ghaznavid dynasty in 1032. He also led a failed attempt at taking on the Abbasid Caliphate in 1038. After refusing to pledge loyalty to Gengis Khan, the Seljuqs were invaded in 1220 and dismantled.