Its blockade of GABAAR activity leads to significant promotion of embryonic stem (ES) and neural stem (NSC) cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression. Its in vivo clinical administration to humans is contraindicated because it significantly increases the occurrence on non-familial cases of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and childhood absence epilepsy because of its blockade of endogenous GABAergic inhibitory central nervous signaling and it is believed to significantly increase the occurrence of central nervous cancer by its promotion of neural stem cell and neural progenitor cell (NPC) self-renewal.