Grazing the borders of the jungle, where it gives way into scree and rock, the chaly-tops, a hardheaded ceratopsian, eats subalpine vegetation but avoids the thick forest. Chaly-topses are rare, but the clash of their gladiatorial contests in the breeding season rang throughout the upland regions. Males will joust and butt violently to secure a harem of females. Their fights are among the most brutal of any ceratopsian species, with frequent fatalities and injuries. Most bulls bare extensive scarring and broken or damaged horn arrays. Predators include Gladiodon.